Tissue Typing and Transplantation Immunology
Randevu Al
Scientific Assurance of Immunological Compatibility in Transplantation
Tissue Typing and Transplantation Immunology is a highly specialized laboratory discipline that evaluates immunological compatibility between donor and recipient in cell, tissue, and organ transplantation. Transplant success largely depends on the accurate and reliable determination of this compatibility.
Our laboratory plays a critical role in bone marrow (hematopoietic stem cell) transplantation and in the diagnosis and follow-up of hematologic malignancies and primary immunodeficiency disorders. With modern infrastructure and an experienced team, we provide comprehensive scientific support to clinical departments.
What Is HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) Typing?
The Most Critical Step in Transplantation
The HLA system is a fundamental component of the immune system, enabling the distinction between “self” and “non-self.” Evaluating HLA compatibility prior to transplantation is essential for preventing rejection and ensuring long-term success.
HLA tissue typing is performed for:
- The recipient
- Family members
- Potential voluntary donors
This process enables identification of the most suitable donor.
HLA Tissue Typing Services
Analyzed Loci
- HLA-A
- HLA-B
- HLA-C
- HLA-DR
- HLA-DQ
All analyses are conducted at the DNA level.
Methods Used
- PCR-SSO Low Resolution methodology
If a suitable donor cannot be identified through low-resolution typing, high-resolution analyses are performed through accredited external laboratories to ensure uninterrupted transplantation processes.
Immunophenotyping by Flow Cytometry
The Gold Standard in Hematologic Diagnosis and Monitoring
Flow cytometry allows simultaneous analysis of cellular surface and cytoplasmic markers and is indispensable in hematologic malignancy diagnosis and follow-up.
Applications include:
- Acute and chronic leukemias
- Lymphomas
- Other hematologic malignancies
Approximately 40 immunophenotypic panels are utilized to provide patient-specific analyses.
Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) Monitoring
Sensitive Assessment of Treatment Response
In leukemia patients, detection of minimal residual disease after treatment is critical for evaluating prognosis and relapse risk.
Our laboratory performs:
- Patient-specific immunophenotypic marker–based analyses
- Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) monitoring
MRD assessment guides treatment response evaluation and therapeutic decision-making.
Diagnostic Capabilities
Leukemia and Lymphoma Diagnostic Support
- Diagnosis of myeloid and lymphoid leukemias via immunophenotyping
- MRD monitoring based on individualized immunophenotypic profiles
- Analysis of clinical specimens including:
- Bone marrow
- Tissue biopsies
- Synovial fluid
- Bronchoalveolar lavage
- Cerebrospinal fluid
Evaluation of Immunodeficiency Disorders
Flow cytometric analyses evaluate:
- T lymphocytes
- B lymphocytes
- Natural Killer (NK) cells
- Cellular subset distributions
When indicated, naïve and memory T-cell populations are assessed in detail.
Platelet Function Disorders
- Glanzmann thrombasthenia
- Bernard–Soulier syndrome
- Collagen receptor defects
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Support
During bone marrow transplantation, apheresis products are analyzed to determine:
- Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell (HSPC) subsets
- Cellular composition and proportions
These data assist clinical teams in optimizing transplantation timing and outcomes.
Scientific Excellence and Reliable Results
Our laboratory delivers accurate, rapid, and reliable results for transplantation and hematologic disease management. With high-quality standards, advanced technologies, and experienced specialists, we provide comprehensive support for complex immunologic evaluations.
